When an urban area is significantly warmer than outlying regions, the phenomenon is called an urban heat island. Urban heat islands can be caused by a confluence of factors, but in general, an abundance of paved, dark, and impermeable surfaces that trap UV radiation are common reasons, and can lead to temperatures as much as 20-25 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than surrounding readings.
While some areas of climate change my be difficult to discern, or are measured over long periods of time, the negative effect of an urban heat island is immediate, meaurable, and noticeable for everyone who lives and works in an area. The heat is even more oppressive for children. So when Chelksea Schools had the opportunity to fight back against the urban heat island in their neighborhood, they jumped at the chance.
Chelsea Schools called in Territory Manager Rob Verreault from roofing manufacturer Garland, together with architect Mount Vernon Group and SOCOTEC, and gave them a challenge to restore the roofs of Chelsea’s school buildings to a lighter color with a higher solar reflectance. Said Verreault, “We’ve measured reduced temperature readings of the air directly above the roof before, and conceptually knew that should lead to lower air temperatures in the areas around the building on the ground. We were excited to take part in a project with the ambition to fight climate change head-on.”
After performing a detailed evaluation of each roof, Verreault recommended Garland’s LiquiTec fluid-applied roof restoration system. LiquiTec is certified by the Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) with a solar reflectance reading in excess of 0.9.
To assist and verify the results, Chelsea Schools engaged the Boston University School of Public Health to measure temperatures before and after the roof project as part of the Chelsea and East Boston Heat Study (C-HEAT). The goal of the C-HEAT project is to “build capacity for communities to respond to extreme heat events.” According to Associate Professor of Environmental Health Madeleine Scammell, “The C-HEAT project has been working on multiple initiatives through Chelsea and East Boston, including tree-planting and reclamation of vacant lots. While these measures are important and valuable, it can take some time for a young sapling to grow to a stage where it is offering significant shade. Transforming a large school roof from a heat-absorbing black surface to a reflective white one would be one of our biggest potential moves yet.”
The multi-phase project began with the ELC in 2018, Williams School in 2020, Mary C Burke Complex in 2021 and High School in 2021/2022. Facility Director – Joe Cooney “Beyond the white color, LiquiTec is low-VOC and nearly odor-free, posing virtually no risk of disruption to anyone inside the building. The product applies thick and cures fast, so the projects were much shorter durations than a roof replacement allowing more buildings to be tackled in a limited time frame. Most importantly, the monolithic fluid applied system has provided superior waterproofing that has kept our schools free of leaks.”
“Fighting the excessive heat in this economically disadvantaged neighborhood is a critical part of revitalization and making it a vibrant home for its 40,000 residents. While UV-reflective roofs won’t solve the entire problem, it’s very encouraging for our work to see this type of immediate impact.”
– Dr. Madeleine Scammell, Associate Professor, Boston University School of Public Health
Dr. Scammell and the C-HEAT team of researchers were able to measure an immediate impact after the roofs were restored in summer 2021. Their measurements revealed land temperatures approximately 4.5 degrees Fahrenheit lower in the area around the Williams School compared to similar areas in Chelsea where the roof was still black. Said Dr. Scammell, “Fighting the excessive heat in this economically disadvantaged neighborhood is a critical part of revitalization and making it a vibrant home for its 40,000 residents. While UV-reflective roofs won’t solve the entire problem, it’s very encouraging for our work to see this type of immediate impact.”
Added Verreault, “While addressing the urban heat island is a significant benefit, we also wanted to make sure the roof and building perform as intended for the kids and teachers inside. As a reinforced system, LiquiTec can provide up to 20 years of a leak-free environment with relatively low maintenance. A dry, safe building has better indoor air quality, lasts longer overall, and is more comfortable. We’re proud to partner with the Chelsea community to make sure the Williams School is a haven where children can learn and play, while also doing our part to improve the livability of the entire neighborhood.”
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